HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Conformational States

The HIV-1 Env glycoprotein transitions between conformational states impacting antibody responses. In the closed State 1, Env resists antibodies, while CD4 binding induces State 2, an intermediate, and State 3, an open, antibody-susceptible conformation. A CD4-mimetic stabilizes asymmetric State 2A, exposing conserved epitopes. Antibodies in HIV+ sera target State 2A, mediating ADCC, highlighting potential strategies to exploit these transitions against HIV-1.

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