Immune Response to Commensal vs. Pathogenic Bacteria

This template compares dendritic cell responses to commensal versus pathogenic bacteria, showing commensal bacteria triggering PGE2, TGF-beta, and TSLP release that keeps dendritic cells immature and induces CD4 T cells to become Tregs. Pathogenic bacteria instead activate dendritic cells to express strong co-stimulatory ligands like CD80 and release IL-12, driving CD4 T cells to differentiate into effector Th1 and Th17 cells.

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