TGF-β Membrane Dynamics

TGF-β binding to TGF-βRII triggers receptor autophosphorylation, heterodimerization, and transphosphorylation of TGF-βRI, initiating signaling. This process depends on the lateral movement of receptor monomers in the membrane. Signal fate is dictated by endocytosis: clathrin-coated pits promote activation via SARA and Smads, while caveolae mediate inhibition via SMAD7, leading to TGF-βRI degradation. Adapted from Fig. 4, Proactive and reactive roles of TGF-β in cancer.

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