COVID-19 DNA-Based Vaccine

This template was adapted from the original submission. Edits were made to enhance scientific accuracy, optimal usability and/or to meet industry-leading design standards for science communication. To make the DNA vaccine, the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus spike protein is extracted, synthesized into double-stranded (dsDNA), and cloned into a plasmid. This plasmid is then injected intramuscularly in conjunction with an electroporation device to facilitate uptake. Within the muscles, myocytes take up the plasmid and express the protein of interest. This will lead to either CD8+ T cell activation through MHC class I or B cell activation. Antigen presenting cells like macrophages will endocytose spike proteins from necrotizing myocytes and activate CD4+ T cells through MHC class II presentation. Overall, leading to the recruitment of multiple immune subsets.

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