Pathogenetic Pathways and Therapy in Giant Cell Arteritis

This template maps the pathogenetic pathway of giant cell arteritis, starting with a dendritic cell activating naive T helper cells that differentiate into TH1 and TH17 cells, which interact with B cells, macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells to drive neovessel formation. Blue boxes list corresponding therapeutic targets at each step, including anti-IL-6R, anti-TNF, JAK-STAT inhibitors, anti-CD20, and anti-VEGF agents.

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