CRISPR-Cas9 Adaptive Immune System of Streptococcus pyogenes Against Bacteriophages

This template was adapted from the original submission. Edits were made to enhance scientific accuracy, optimal usability and/or to meet industry-leading design standards for science communication. The CRISPR-Cas9 system confers bacteria with adaptive immunity against invading bacteriophages. Once infected, Cas1 and Cas2 incorporate a short segment of viral genome as spacers within the CRISPR locus of the bacterial genome. Upon reinfection with the same bacteriophage, the CRISPR locus is expressed as pre-CRNA, along with tracrRNA. This pre-crRNA is processed to yield guide RNAs (gRNAs) which bind the ribonucleoprotein, Cas9 as well as complementary segments of the invading virus genome, prompting its cleavage by Cas9.

Yes, you can customize this template with a free BioRender account (no credit card required). Paid plans unlock additional export formats, higher-resolution downloads, and publication permissions.

Yes, every element is fully editable. Icons, labels, colors, arrows, shapes and layout can all be changed to match your preferences or needs using BioRender's drag-and-drop editor. You can add or remove elements to fully customize your use case.

Yes, BioRender icons and templates meet journal, grant, and copyright standards for publication, and many researchers cite BioRender directly in their figure legends.

Unlock publication permissions with a paid plan, and include 'Created with BioRender.com' in your figure legend, or cite BioRender directly per your journal's guidelines.

Researchers and scientists use this template for publications, funding proposals, grant applications, presentations, posters, and more.