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BioRender Template
How Does the Environment Determine Sex?
Creator
s
Description
This figure illustrates the CaRe (Calcium and Redox) Model, showing how environmental temperature influences sex determination. Temperature triggers calcium ion influx via TRP channels and redox regulation in mitochondria, producing ROS (reactive oxygen species). These changes activate three transcription factors—HSF1, NF-κB, and NRF2—leading to cellular pathways (heat shock response, NF-κB, and NRF2 pathways). Ultimately, these pathways regulate gonadal commitment, resulting in male or female phenotypic outcomes.
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