Parkinson's Disease (Hypokinetic Disorder)

This template compares the basal ganglia circuitry in a normal brain versus Parkinson's disease, showing signaling between the cerebral cortex, substantia nigra pars compacta, caudate and putamen, globus pallidus segments, subthalamic nucleus, and thalamus. In the disease state, reduced dopamine input alters these connections, shown with color-coded arrows for increased, normal, and reduced effects, ultimately reducing motor output to the frontal cortex.

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